The Caterpillar 312C is a versatile hydraulic excavator designed for medium-scale construction and earthmoving tasks, featuring robust performance and precise control. It is powered by a turbocharged Cat 3046 T engine, delivering a gross power of 94 hp (70 kW) and net power of 90 hp (67 kW) at 1950 rpm, ensuring efficient operation and reliability. The machine’s operating weight is approximately 28,970 lbs (13,140 kg), with a track gauge of 6.6 ft and a ground clearance of 1.5 ft, providing stability and mobility on diverse terrains. The 312C offers two boom/stick configurations: Option 1 with a max cutting height of 27.9 ft, max digging depth of 18.3 ft, max loading height of 20 ft, and max reach along ground of 26.9 ft; Option 2 extends these capabilities to 28.6 ft max cutting height, 19.9 ft max digging depth, 20.8 ft max loading height, and 28.3 ft max reach. It supports bucket capacities ranging from 0.4 to 1 cubic yard, with a reference bucket capacity of 0.8 cubic yards, offering flexibility depending on material and job requirements. The excavator’s hydraulic system operates at a relief valve pressure of 4980 psi with a pump flow capacity of 33.5 gallons per minute, facilitating powerful digging forces—stick digging force up to 63 kN and bucket digging force up to 84 kN. The swing mechanism provides a swing speed of 12.9 rpm and swing torque of 30,500 N·m, enabling efficient maneuvering. It has a maximum travel speed of 3.5 mph with a drawbar pull of 24,729 lbs and uses 24-inch wide track shoes, good for traction and reduced ground pressure of 4.8 psi. Overall, the Cat 312C combines a durable undercarriage, powerful hydraulics, and adaptable dimensions (shipping height 9.1 ft, shipping length 24.9 ft) to excel in excavation, loading, and material handling tasks in varied construction environments.